Ephemeral Rivers in India: Meaning, Features & Examples

An ephemeral river is a type of river that flows only during periods of significant rainfall. Unlike perennial rivers that flow year-round, ephemeral rivers remain dry for most of the year and carry water only occasionally.

What is an Ephemeral River?

• Definition: An ephemeral river is a temporary stream or river that flows briefly during and after rainfall.
• Dry Beds: These rivers typically have dry riverbeds, known as wadis, nullahs, or ravines, depending on the region.
• Flow Duration: Flow may last from a few hours to a few days.
• Source of Water: Their water is primarily runoff from rain, not from groundwater or melting snow.

Characteristics of Ephemeral Rivers

• Rainfall-dependent: Flow only after heavy rain.
• Dry Most of the Year: Unlike seasonal rivers, they remain dry for extended periods.
• Common in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: Found in deserts and drylands.
• High Erosion Potential: Due to sudden water surges.
• No Base Flow: They don’t have a sustained water source like springs or glaciers.

Examples of Ephemeral Rivers in India

• Ghaggar-Hakra
• Luni River
• Bandi River
• Katni River

Difference Between Ephemeral and Perennial Rivers

📌 You can also explore our detailed article on Perennial Rivers and Rivers of Rajasthan for more context.